1. Islands

Europe

Azores
Belaric
Corsica
Crete
Great Britain
Ireland
Iceland
Malta
Sardinia
Sicilly
Shetland

Americas

Baffin
Bahamas
Bermudas
Cuba
Folkland
Greenland
Galapagos
Haiti
Jamaica
Long islands
New found land
Puerto rico
Queen Elizabeth
Terradelfuego
Tristandacunha
Vancouver
Victoria

Africa

Ascension
Canaries
Cape verde
Comoros
Dahlek archipelago
Mauritius
Madira
Pemba
Reunion
Seychelles
Sao tome and princep
Soccotra
St.helena
Zanzibar

Asia

Bahrain
Borneo
Celebs
Chagos archipelago
Deigo Garcia
Hainan
Honshu
Hokkaidu
Java
Kyushu
Luzon
Maldives
Mindanao
New guinea
Papua new guinea
Ryuku
Sakalin
Shikoku
Sumatra
Timor
Taiwan

Oceania and Antarctica

Bikini
Fijji
Guam
Great barrier
New Britain
New Caledonia
Solomon
Stewart
Tasmania

2. Peninsulas

Europe

Balkan
Crimean/kerch
Iberian
Jutland

Americas

Alaskan peninsula
Boothia
Baja
Florida
Kenai
Melville
Seward
Ungava
Yucatan

Asia

Arabian
Chukchi
Gyda
Indo china
Kamchatka
Korean
Malay
Timor
Yamal

Oceania and Antarctica

Banks
Cape york
Eyre

3. Rivers

Europe

Danube
Dnieper
Dniester
Don
Elb
Ebro
Garrone
Loire
Oder
Po
Rhine
Rhone
Siene
Thames
Ural
Volga
Weser

Americas

Amazon
Arkansas
Colorado
Columbia-snake
Mackenzie
Mississippi-missouri system
Madeira
Ornico
Paraguay
Parana
Rio grande
St Lawrence
Sao Francisco
Tocantins
Uruguay
Yukon

Africa

Congo
Gamvia
Juba
Kasai
Lomami
Limpopo
Niger
Nile
Orange
Senegal
Shebeli
Tana
Ubangi
Zambezi

Asia

Amur
Amu darya
Angara
Brahmaputra
Cauvery
Chao phraya
Chang jiang
Euphrates
Ganges
Harirud
Delmand
Hwang ho
Irrawady
Kabul
Krishna
Lena
Mekong
Ob-irtysh
Salween
Syrdarya
Tigris
Xi jiang
Yennesiey

Oceania and Antarctica

Ashburton
Flinders
Fortescue
Gascoyne
Mitchel
Murchison
Murray and darling
Roper
Victoria

4. Gulfs

Europe

Bothnia
Finland
Lions
Riga

Americas

Alaska
Bahia blanca
Calefornia
Darien
Guayaquil
Honduras
Mexico
Panama
Rio de la plata
San Jorge
St. Lawrence
Venezuela

Africa

Aden aquaba
Bight of bonny
Bight of benin
Gabes
Guinea
Sidra
Suez

Asia

Anandyr
Bona
Bohai
Cambay
Kachch
Martabban
Mannar
Ob
Oman
Persian
Thailand
Tolo
Tomini
Tongking
Yenesei

Oceania and Antarctica

Canterbury bight
Carpentaria
Great Australian bight
Joseph Bonaparte
Papua
Spencer
North taranaki bight
South taranaki bight




5. Bays

Americas

Baffin bay
Coronado bay
Chesapeake bay
Bay of fundy
Grande bay
Hudson bay
James bay
Mackenzie bay
Sebastian vizcanio bay
Ungava bay

Africa

Agulhas bank
Algoa bay
Maputo bay
St Helena bay
Walvis bay
Gold coast
Grain coast
Ivory coast
Slave coast

Asia

Bay of Bengal
Babel mandeb

Oceania and Antarctica

Botany bay
Encounter bay
Geographe bay
Great exhibition bay
Hawke bay
Poverty bay
Bay of plenty
Prince charlotte bay
Port Philip bay
Shark bay
Tasman bay

6. Straits

Europe

Bonifacio st
Bosphorus st
Dover st
Dardenelles st
English channel
Gibralter st
Kiel cananl
Keerch st
Messina st
Otranto st

Americas

Bering st
Belle isle st
Denmark st
Davis st
Florida st
Hudson st
Juan de faco st
Megallan’s st
Yucatan channel

Africa

Mozambique channel

Asia

Bashi channel
Great channel
Hainan st
Korea st
La parouse st
Luzon st
Makassar st
Malacca st
Palk st
Sunda st
Tatarskiy st
Tsuguru st
Taiwan st

Oceania and Antarctica

Bass st
Cook st
Goveaux st
Torrres st

7. Mountain Ranges

Europe

Appenines
Alps
Balkan
Black forest mtns
Cantebrian
Carpenthians
Cevennes
Caucasus
Dinaric alps
Jura mtns
Kjollen
Massif central
Pyrennes
Pennines
Pindas mtns
Ural vosges

Americas

Alaskan range
Apalachians
Andes
Brookes range
Blue ridge
Coast mtns
Cascade range
Catskill mtns
Central cordillera
Cord de merida
Eastern cordillera
Green mtns
Mackenzie mtns
Rocky mtns
Sierra Nevada
Sierra madre
Sacramento
Wasatch
Western cordillera
Africa

Atlas mtns
Ahaggar mtns
Drakensberg
Damara land
Darfur
Great namaland
Great karrooo
Loma mtns
Mitumba mtns
Muchinga mtns
Nuweveld berge
Ovambo lands
Swart berge
Saharan atlas
Tibesti mtns
Wadai

Asia

Altai mtns
Arakan yoma
Chukotsky mtns
Elbrus mtns
Himalayas
Hindukush
Kirtar range
Kunlun shah
Kolyma range
Pegu yoma
Pamir
Potwar
Qinling
Stanvoy range
Sayan mtns
Sulaiman
Tienshan
Taurus mtns
Yablonovoy range
Zagros

Oceania and Antarctica

Australian alps
Bismarc range
Darling range
Flinder range
Great dividing range
Gregory range
Grey range
Hammersley range
Musgrave range
Mcdonnel ranges
New English range
Owan Stanley range
Southern alps

8. Mountain peaks

Europe

Ben nevis
Etna
Elbrus
Gaidhopiggen
Hvannadalshnukur
Mt blanc
Matterhorn
Tatra
Vesuvius
Americas

Braston bald
Forel
Huascaran
Gunnbjorns
Mt mckinley
Mt logan
Mt Mitchell
Mt whitney
Mt popocatepeti
Mt citaltepetl
Mt Washington
Mt chirripo
Mt aconcagua
Mt catopaxi
Mt chimbarazo
Mt Bolivar
Ojos del salodo
Valdes peninsulas

Africa

Ankaratra
Birhan mt
Cameroon mt
Emi koussi mt
Elgon mt
Gebel marra
Kenya mt
Kilimanjaro mt
Kompas berg
Mulanje mt
Ruwenzeri
Ras dashan
Serra maco
Thabana ntlenyana
Toubkal mt
Tahat mt

Asia

Adam’s peak
Ararat mt
Communism peak
Everest
Fujisan
Krakatoa mt
Kinabalu mt
Pidurutalagala
Turfan depression

Oceania and Antarctica

Augustus mtn
Bruce mtn
Cook mtn
Kosciusko mtn
Rhuapheu mtn
Wilhelm mtn
Woodroffe mtn
Zeil mtn

9. Plateaus

Americas

Alti plano
Allegheny plateau
Bolivian plat
Borborema plat
Brazillian highlands
Colorado
Colombia
Cumberland
Guyana highlands
Laurentian plat
Mexican
Matograsso
Ozark
Patagonia
Sertao
Yukon

Africa

Adamawat highlands
Bie plat
Ethiopian highlands
Fouta djollon
Jos plat
Katanga plat

Asia

Anatolian
Central Siberian plateau
Deccan plateau
Iran
Korat
Shan
Tibet
Yunnan

10. Capes

Americas

Barrow
Canaveral
False cape(san lucas)
Gallinas pt
Horn cape
Hatteras cape
Punta parines
San diego
Saoroque cape
Sable cape
Race cape

Africa

Aghulas
Bon cape blanc cape
Delgado cape
dl.ambre cape
fria
good hope
Vincent
Verde

Oceania and Antarctica

Arnhem cape
Byron cape
Campbell cape
Egmont cape
East cape
Farewell cape
north cape
Northwest cape
Palliser cape
reinga cape
southeast cape
southwest cape
york cape

11. oasis

Africa
Bilma
Eldjouf
Elkharga
Kufra
Siwa
Tuat

World Capitals

ASIA
1. ARMENIA – YEREVAN
2. AZERBAIJAN - BAKU
3. AFGHANISTAN – KABUL
4. BAHRAIN- MANAMA
5. BANGLADESH- DHAKA
6. BHUTAN-THIMPU
7. BRUNEI DARUSSALAM-BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN
8. CAMBODIA-PHNOM PENH
9. CHINA-BEIJING
10. HONGKONG-VICTORIA
11. MACAO-MACAO
12. CYPRUS-NICOSIA
13. EAST TIMUR-DILI
14. GEORGIA - TBILISI
15. INDIA-NEW DELHI
16. INDONESIA-JAKARTHA
17. IRAN-TEHERAN
18. IRAQ-BAGHDAD
19. ISRAEL-JERUSALEM
20. JAPAN-TOKYO
21. JORDAN-AMMAN
22. KAZAKHSTAN-ASTANA
23. KUWAIT-KUWAIT CITY
24. KYRGYSTAN-BISHKEK
25. LAOS-VIENTAINE
26. LEBANON-BEIRUT
27. MALAYSIA-KUALALAMPUR
28. MALDIVES-MALE
29. MONGOLIA-ULAN BATOR
30. MYANMAR-YANGOON
31. NEPAL-KATHMANDU
32. MORTH KOREA-PYONGYONG
33. OMAN-MUSCAT
34. PAKISTAN-ISLAMABAD
35. PAPUA NEW GUINEA-PORT MORESBY
36. PHILIPPINES-MANILA
37. QATAR-DOHA
38. SAUDI ARABIA-RIYADH
39. SINGAPORE-SINGAPORE
40. SOUTH KOREA-SEOUL
41. SRILANKA-COLOMBO
42. SYRIA-DAMASCUS
43. TAIWAN-TAIPEI
44. TAJIKISTAN-DUSHANBE
45. THAILAND-BANGKOK
46. TURKEY-ANKARA
47. TURKMENISTAN-ASHGABAT
48. UAE-ABUDHABI
49. UZBEKISTAN-TASHKENT
50. VIETNAM-HANOI
51. YEMEN-SANNA

AFRICA
1. ALGERIA-ALGIERS
2. ANGOLA-LUANDA
3. BENIN-PORTONOVO
4. BOTSWANA-GABORONE
5. BURKINAFASO-OUAGOEDAUGOU
6. BURUNDI-BUJUMBURA
7. CAMEROON-YAOUNDE
8. CAPE VERDE-PRAIA
9. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC-BANGUI
10. CHAD-NDIJAMENA
11. COMOROS-MORONI
12. CONGO DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (ZAIRE)-KINSHASHA
13. CONGO REPUBLIC-BRTAZZAVILLE
14. COTEDIVOIRE (IVORY COAST)-YAMOUSSOUKRO
15. DJIBOUTI-DJIBOUTI
16. EGYPT-CAIRO
17. EQUATORIAL GUINEA-MALABO
18. ERITREA-ASMARA
19. ETHIOPIA-ADDISABABA
20. GABON-LIBERVILLE
21. GAMBIA-BANJUL
22. GHANA-ACCRA
23. GUINEA-CONAKRY
24. GUINEA BISSAU-BISSAU
25. KENYA-NAIROBI
26. LESOTHO-MASERU
27. LIBERIA-MONROVIA
28. LIBYA-TRIPOLI
29. MADAGASCAR-ANTANANARIVO
30. MALAWI-LILONGWE
31. MALI-BAMAKO
32. MAURITANIA-NOUAKCHOTT
33. MAURITIUS-PORT LOUIS
34. MOROCCO-RABAT
35. MOZAMBIQUE-MAPUTO
36. NAMIBIA-WINDHOEK
37. NIGER-NIAMY
38. NIGERIA-ABUJA
39. RWANDA-KIGALI
40. SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE-SAO TOME
41. SENEGAL-DAKAR
42. SEYCHELLES-VICTORIA
43. SIERRA LEONE-FREE TOWN
44. SONALIA-MOGADISHU
45. SOUTH AFRICA-PRETORIA
46. SUDAN-KHARTOUM
47. SWAZILAND-MBABANE
48. TANZANIA-DODOMA
49. TOGO-LOME
50. TUNISIA-TUNIS
51. UGANDA-KAMPALA
52. WESTERN SAHARA - LAYOUNE
53. ZAMBIA-LUSAKA
54. ZIMBABWE-HARARE

EUROPE
1. ALBANIA-TIRANA
2. ANDORRA-ANDORRA-LA-VELLA
3. AUSTRIA-VIENNA
4. BELARUS-MENSK (MINSK)
5. BELGIUM-BRUSSELS
6. BULGARIA-SOFIA
7. BOSNIA HERZGOVINA-SARAJEVO
8. CZECH REPUBLIC-PRAGUE
9. CROATIA-ZAGREB
10. DENMARK-COPENHAGEN
11. ESTONIA-TALLINN
12. FINLAND-HELSINKI
13. FRANCE-PARIS
14. GERMANY-BERLIN
15. GREECE-ATHENS
16. HUNGARY-BUDAPEST
17. ICELAND-REYKJAVIK
18. IRELAND-DUBLIN
19. ITALY-ROME
20. LATVIA-RIGA
21. LIECHTENSTEIN-VADUZ
22. LITHUANIA-VILNIUS
23. LUXEMBOURG-LUXEMBOURG
24. MALTA-VALLETTA
25. MALDOVA-CHISINAU
26. MONACO-MONACO
27. MACEDONIA-SKOPJE
28. NETHERLANDS-AMSTERDAM
29. NORWAY-OSLO
30. POLAND-WARSAW
31. PORTUGAL-LISBON
32. ROMANIA-BUCHAREST
33. SAN MARINO-SAN MARINO
34. SPAIN-MADRID
35. SLOVAKIA-BRATISLAVA
36. SWEDAN-STOCKHOLM
37. SWITZERLAND-BERN
38. SLOVENIA-LJUBLJANA
39. RUSSIA-MOSCOW
40. UKRAINE-KYIV (KIEV)
41. U.K-LONDON
42. VATICAN CITY-VATICAN CITY
43. YUGOSLAVIA-BELGRADE

AUSTRALIA AND OCEANIA
1. AUSTRALIA-CANBERRA
2. FIJI ISLANDS-SUVA
3. KIRIBATI-BALRIKI (TARAWA)
4. NAURU-YAREN DISTRICT
5. NEWZEALAND-WELLINGTON
6. SAMOA-APIA
7. SOLOMON ISLANDS-HONIARA
8. TONGA-NUKU ALOFA
9. TUVALU-FONGAFALE
10. VANUATU-VILA

NORTH AMERICA
1. AMERICA-WASHINGTON D.C
2. ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA-ST.JOHNS
3. BAHAMAS-NASSAU
4. BARBADOS-BRIDGE TOWN
5. BELIZE-BELMOPAN
6. BERMUDA-HAMILTON
7. COSTA RICA-SAN JOSE
8. CUBA-HAVANA
9. CANADA-OTTAWA
10. DOMINICA-RESEAU
11. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC-SANTO DOMINGO
12. EL SALVADOR-SAN SALVADOR
13. GRENADA-ST.GEORGES
14. GAUTEMELA-GAUTEMELA CITY
15. HAITI-PORT-AU-PRINCE
16. HONDURAS-TEGUCIGALPA D.C
17. JAMAICA-KINGSTON
18. MEXICO-MEXICO CITY
19. NICARGUA-MANAGUA
20. PANAMA-PANAMA CITY
21. ST.KITTS AND NEVIS-BASSETERRE
22. ST.LUCIA-CASTRIES
23. ST.VINCENT AND GRENADINES-KINGSTOWN
24. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO-PORT OF SPAIN

SOUTH AMERICA
1. ARGENTINA-BUENOS AIRES
2. BOLIVIA-LA PAZ
3. BRAZIL-BRASILIA
4. CHILE-SANTIAGO
5. COLUMBIA-BOGOTA
6. EQUADOR-QUITO
7. GUYANA-GEORGETOWN
8. PARAGUAY-ASUNCION
9. PERU-LIMA
10. SURINAME-PARAMARIBO
11. URUGUAY-MONTEVIDEO
12. VENEZUELA-CARACAS

IAS Geography Mains 2008 Paper

GEOGRAPHY (2008)
PAPER – I

Section – A
1. On the outline map of the world provided to you , mark the location of
any ten of the following , for which 1 ( one ) mark is given to each correct
entry. Write in your answer book the significant geographical relevance /
strategic importance of the locations , whether physical / commercial
/economic / ecological / environmental / cultural in not more than 40 words
for that entry . 5 ( five ) marks are allotted for each write up: 6 × 10 = 60
a). Ozark Plateau
b). Anatolia
c). Mato Grasso
d). Pusan
e). Brooks Range
f). Dash-e Kavir
g). Cape Horn Current
h). Burzil Pass
i). Bass Strait
j). Kjolen
k). Santos
l). Abuja
2. Critically examine the concept of geomorphic cycle and discuss the
views of W.M.Davis and W. Penck. 60
3. Discuss the mechanics and origin of the monsoon winds and explain the
role of El Nino on Monsoon circulation. 60
4. Describe the ideal conditions for coral reef formation and discuss the
glacial control theory of coral reef formation. 60


Section – B
5. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words
each: 20 × 3 = 60
a). Desertification as an environmental hazards
b). Primate Cities
c). Seafloor spreading theory
d). Behavioral Geography
6. Discuss the social and economic theories of population growth. 60
7. Describe the laws of international boundaries and frontier. 60
8. Describe the view of von Thunen on agricultural location. 60



GEOGRAPHY
PAPER – II

Section – A
1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied any ten of the following
entries. Write brief notes ( not exceeding 40 words each ) on the
significant aspects of the same ten entires. 6 × 10 = 60
a). Butcher Island
b). Gopalpur Beach
c). Lavasa
d). Gandhisagar
e). Nam Dapha
f). Pampore
g). Mount Harrier
h). Barail Ranges
i). Palitana
j). NIO
k). Baltel
l). Pindari
2. Distinguish between the Himalayan and the peninsular drainage
system. 60
3. Discuss the bases of identifying agro climate zones and explain the core
strategies for agricultural development. 60
4. Explain the factors promoting the rapid growth and development of the
automobile industry in India, giving suitable example. 60

Section – B
5. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words
each: 20 × 3 = 60
a). Suggest appropriate energy policy for minimizing energy crisis in
India.
b). Describe and explain the spatial patterns of literacy in India.
c). Assess the geographical significance of Indian Ocean.
d). Explain the concept of sustainable development and examine its
relevance.
6. ‘ Unplanned urban development has created numerous problems’
Comment. 60
7. Critically examine the bases of state reorganization in India since
Independence. 60
8. Discuss the problems and Prospects of development of catchment
and command areas. 60